Composite railway-tie.



PATENTBD DEC. 25, 1906.

P. J. BAIVIER. COMPOSITE RAILWAY TIE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28. 1906.

2 SHEET8SHEET 1.

witnesses PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906.

I. J. BAIVIER. COMPOSITE RAILWAY TIE.

APPLIUATION FILED FEB 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

nvzntoc m w M w UNITED srAr ns PATENT oFFIoE.

FELIX J. BAIVIER, or VELVA, N RTH UAK OIA.

COMPOSITE RAILWAY-TIE. v

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 25, 1906.

A li ti fil d February 28. 1906. Serial No. 303 441- To all whom it nutyconcern.

Be it known that I, FELDLJ. BAIVIER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Velva in the county of McHenry, State of North Dakota, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Composition Railway-Ties; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it 'appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has relation to railway-ties made from cement orartificial stone.

It is the object of the invention to replace the present wooden ties,that are liable to relatively quick decay, with permanent ties that willnot decay but rather grow stronger and more solid as time passes.

The nature of the invention consists of a railway-tie of artificialstqne, embodying in its structure cement, sand, gravel, and water, thelast-mentioned element being eventually evaporated and dispensed with.The ties are molded while the material is in a plastic state and embracemany parts and features necessary to hold the rails in place, as Well asto insure the retention of the tie in its place,

Y as will fully appear from an inspection of the annexed drawin s,forming a part of thisspecification, and as is fully and clearlydescribed in the following part of this specification and pointed out inthe subj'oined claims.

Similar letters of reference designate similar parts or features, as thecase may be, wherever they occur.

0f the said drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a form of tie inwhich my invention is embodied. Fig. 2 is a top plan of the same. Fig. 3is a transverse section taken through the center of the tie, showing theform of the bottom, which approaches a V shape. Fig. 4 is a transversesection taken through one of the holes at the end opposite to thatprovided with abrace. Fig. 5 is a central longitudinal section. Fig. 6shows the tie with the brace at one end thereof as removed and showingthe metallic clamp thereunder for enga'gin the edge of the flange tohold the raiFs securely. against spreading. 4

In carrying out my invention I form the ties of the material alreadyspecified and make them in accordance with the requirements of standardand narrow age roads as to size. The tie shown in the rawings may besupposed to be seven feet long, eight der the bur or nut of each boltwill be inches wide, and five inches deep from the top to the pointwhere the inward slope beins. However, the invention is not coned to atie of any particular size; The

sloping under side, forming a shape approaching a V, is made tofacilitate the tamping of dirt under the tie to raise it or make itsfoundation solid. On the upper face a near the ends the tie is formedwith grooves b for the purpose of inserting the bottom'of the flanges ofthe rails therein. These grooves are about three-fourths of an inch indepth and fit the base of the rails quite closely. Under thisconstruction and arrangement about onesixteenth of an inch of thebase-flange of the rail will project above the surface a, at the edgesof said base.

At one end of the tie shown in the drawings there is a brace 0 connectedwith the tie so as to practically form a art thereof. The

brace c is designed at its lnner end to extend over the outerbase-flange of the rail and at its inner end abut against the web of thelatter. Each tie is provided with one of these braces alternating withopposite ends. Under each brace there is a metallic clamp d, set in thetie with a slightly-projecting end e, which is constructed and arrangedto er gage the edge of the base-flange of the rails and keep themsecureagainst spreading. Holes 1, 2, and 3 are formed or molded through therail for the reception of five-eighths-of-aninch bolts having a lengthof from three and one-half to five inches, which are designed to en agethe flange of the base'of the rail and b0 t the rails down securely onthe ties. Un-

laceda heavy spring-washer to save the b0 t and parts engaged againstfracture or other damage from expansion and contraction resulting fromheat and cold, ice, and frost. The bottom portions of these holes 1, 2,and 3 are .square, as shown, to fit the bolt, which issquared for adistance above its head to keep it from turning in its hole. These tiesrequire a long time for the material or substance of which they arecomposed to set or harden. Hence it'is proposed to make .or mold themfrom six to eight months before they are used on the'road-bed. The timementioned will allow of the molding of the ties one season and theinserting orlaying of the same the next season following.

When properly made and given suflicient time to set or harden; the'tieswill be as firm and solid as a single piece of granite and can betreated in the sameway. The tie willnevertwear out and after having beenonce laid will require no attention excepting to see that it is ke tin'place and that the bolts do not become oose. For these reasons it isbetter than the wooden tie and in the long run will be much cheaper.

' Ofcourse latitude is allowed for changes in form. and arrangement ofparts and features within the limits of mechanical skill that 'do notdepart from the nature orspirit of the invention.

What I claim is 1. A railway-tie formed of artificial stone havingtransverse grooves in its upper face,

and bolt-holes on opppsite sides of said grooves, s'aid bolt-holes eingmade square in their lower portions and round in their upper in presenceof two witnesses.

FELIX JQBAIVIER.

Witnesses:

G. N. LrvnAHL,

J. R. MEAGHER.

